Accord:
A sequence of tones repating themselves trough a piece of music, as a kind of rhytm.

Baroque Fingering:
Used on flutes, it dscribes a fingering associated to many instruments. Can be identifyed on the 4th fingerhole (seen from the mouthpiece) being smaller than the previous

C-major:
A piece of music is written in C major when no key signatures are required to make the music sound well. If a # is required, the music is in G major, if a b is needed, it is in F major...

Counter valve:
A valve allowing air to flow only in one direction, in the other direction it will remain closed.

Cromatic:
An Instrument that can play all tones within its range is called cromatic.

Drone:
Instrument, or part of (wind)instrument that only is able to produce one tone. Seen on bagpipes, where a melody pipe is found, beside some D. that makes the same tone all the time.

Frequency:
F. tells ow many times an oscillation is repeated within a second

German fingering:
Used on flutes, to identify a fingering. The 4th fingerhole from the mouthpiece is larger than the previous.

Interval:
The difference between two tones. The I. has names. Examples Halftone interval: Small second. Full tone interval: Large second. 1 1/2 tone interval: Small third, etc.

Keynote:
Often the lowest tone an Instrument is able to play, but the definition varies from one instrument family to the other.

Key signatures:
Depending on how a piece of music is put together, some tones may sound wrong if played like they are. They may be a halftone too low, or high. This is corrected with a key signature as the node system can not show all tones, and does not need either. The key signature # makes a tone sound a halftone higher, the tone schanges name from. D to D# or Dis(example).
The key signature b makes the tone sound a halftone deeper, and the tone changes name from E to Eb or Es (example). Some Key signatures are not possible: Fb does not exist as it would be the same as E, the tone Hb is called B, and A# is the same as B, and therefore called so. (examples)


Example: Left: # at the tone F => F#. Right: b at the tone H => B

Natural Tones:
On wind instruments: Tones awailable without use of valves, keys or slides.

Octave:
When the difference between two tones means that the number of oscillations is doubled, it is an octave. The tones have names, example of an O.: c-d-e-f-g-a-h Next higher tone is c again, but in a higher octave. This new tone c' has double frequency compared to the first c. Overtones:
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Perinette valve:
A valve type invented by French M. Perinette for brasswind instruments, today the most common valve type for these instruments.


Resonance:
R. is when someting is exited to swing, and thus making a tone. What tone is made is decided by the swinging item, may it be a string, a cloumn of air, or a membrane.

Tremulo:
T. is when a tone vibrates in volume. The tone frequency is not changed.

Triads:
Three different, but matching tones played at one time. The composition of these tones makes the difference of major and minor.

Wavelength:
When an oscillation repeats istself, a W. can be identifyed as the distance between two similiar situations in each oscillation. In formulas the Greek letter Lambda is used. In the example below, the wavelength is shown between two wavecrests.


Whole tone:
The difference between two tones is called a whole tone, when a halftone can be found between them, as it is possible. Examples: The interval C-D as the tone Cis is found between them. Example 2: The interval A-H as the tone B is found between them. the interval E-F is a halftone interval, as no tone Eis (or Fes) exists.

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